Frequent Success: How Did North Korea Cultivate Hackers?
原文标题:《再次盗取 15 亿美元加密货币,朝鲜如何培养出世界一流黑客的?》
原文来源:深潮 TechFlow
2 月 21 日,加密货币交易所 Bybit 遭遇 15 亿美元黑客攻击事件,再次将朝鲜黑客组织 Lazarus Group 所为推到风口浪尖。
近几年,这个组织屡屡得手,从 KuCoin 交易所被盗到 Ronin 跨链桥被盗,甚至是 Defiance Capital 创始人个人钱包被黑,幕后黑手都是这家神秘黑客组织。
你或许好奇,作为一个全球最封闭的国家,朝鲜是如何在数字战场上培养出如此惊人的力量?
在传统军事领域,朝鲜难以与美韩联盟抗衡,但网络战为其提供了"四两拨千斤"的战略杠杆。
于是上世界从 80 年代开始,朝鲜政府耗费了大量力气进行黑客培训,内部制定代号为「Secret War」。
2007 年叛逃到韩国的朝鲜人 Jang Se-yul,早前就读于朝鲜的顶级工科学校 Mirim University(现在更名为 University of Automation 朝鲜自动化大学)。大学期间,Jang 曾与其他黑客们修读了 121 局开设的课程。
毕业后,Jang 加入了朝鲜政府侦察总局,121 局便是旗下的精英间谍机构。也就是在那时,他开始接触 121 局中的顶级黑客们。
Jang Se-yul 后来接受 Business Insider 采访时表示,与朝鲜的核威胁相比,其网络战的威胁更实际、也更危险。他说:「这是一场无声的战争。一枪未发就已经开战。」
问题是,一个如此穷苦、资源如此贫乏的国家是如何下大力气去搞网络战?
Jang Se-yul 的回答是:因为培养一名黑客十分便宜。
通常来说,朝鲜分为基本群众 (核心阶层)、复杂群众 (普通中间阶层)、敌对阶级残余分子 (地主、富农后代等敌对阶层) 等三大阶层,下面再分为 56 个阶层。这些阶层分类都记载在居民台账上,在干部录用过程中使用。
世界朝鲜研究中心理事长安赞日表示,过去朝鲜黑客也是要看出身背景的职业,因为如果他们对党的忠诚度下降,将对体制造成威胁。
直到后来国际社会全方位对朝鲜实施制裁,朝鲜赚取外汇途径受阻后,只能通过在网络攻击非法赚取外汇。
这也为网络战人才开辟了特殊通道,不拘一格降人才。
Jang 的母校——自动化大学,就是朝鲜黑客培养的核心基地,他表示「每个班级只招收 100 名学生,但申请者多达 5000 人。」
可以说这是高考的 PLUS 版本,一旦申请成功,成为黑客,就可以成为朝鲜最上层那 1% 的人,只是这个过程也格外艰辛。
这些年轻黑客出师之前,要接受近 9 年的严格训练,最小的从 17 岁开始就接受训练。

在学校的时候,他们每天上六节课,每节课 90 分钟,学习各种编程语言和操作系统。每天花大量的时间分析微软的 Windows 操作系统等程序,研究如何攻破美国、韩国等敌对国家的电脑信息系统。
此外,他们的核心任务是开发出自己的黑客程序和电脑病毒,而不必依靠外面现有的黑客程序。
在 Jang 看来,朝鲜的黑客,其技术水平毫不逊色于谷歌或是中情局的顶级程序员,甚至有可能更好。
从接受教育的第一天开始,这些「黑小将」们就被赋予了使命和目标,会分为不同的组别,专注攻击不同的国家地区,例如美国、朝鲜和日本。黑客一旦被分进特定的「国家组」,他们会花费将近两年时间卧底进入该国家,学习当地的语言文化知识,以便在技术之外,也不露处破绽。
Jang 称,他的一个朋友就为 121 局的一个海外部门工作,但他表面上是朝鲜一家贸易公司的职员。没有人知道他的真实身份,而他的公司也在正常经营业务。
由于网络战的特殊性,这些年轻黑客可以自由使用互联网,第一时间掌握到国外的最新动态,并且也深知自己的国家非常「封闭保守」,但是这并不会动摇他们的爱国之心与对领袖的忠诚。
「哪怕是别人强制性的劝说,甚至是给他们提供韩国总统府的工作,他们也不会背弃自己的国家。」Jang 如此表示。
当然,一旦成为黑客,也就意味着金钱与特权。
年轻黑客月薪可达 2000 美元,是驻外大使的两倍。除此之外,他们还能获得平壤市中心超过 185 平米的豪华公寓,并且可以将家人迁至首都,这无疑都是极其诱人的条件。
在键盘取代导弹的新时代,年轻黑客们的键盘将会成为加密货币的达摩克利斯之剑。
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